25-26-1-软件工程经济学-期末

一、Single Choice (20 points)

1. What does the production function $Q = f(L, K)$ represent? ( )

The minimum amount of output that can be produced from a given quantity of inputs.

The maximum quantity of inputs required to produce a given amount of output.

The relationship between inputs and outputs.

All of the above.

检查

生产函数 $Q = f(L, K)$ 表示 ( )

一定数量的投入，至少能生产出多少产品

生产一定数量的产品，最多投入多少生产要素

投入与产出的关系

以上都对

检查

2. When a personal demand curve for a commodity is obtained, all of the following factors remain constant except ( )

The price of the goods themselves

Personal preference

Prices of other goods

Personal income

检查

在得出某种商品的个人需求曲线时，下列因素中除 ( ) 外均保持不变。

商品本身的价格

个人偏好

其他商品的价格

个人收入

检查

3. Of the following factors, all but ( ) shift the demand curve

Changes in consumer income

Changes in commodity prices

Changes in consumer preferences

Changes in prices of other related commodities

检查

下列因素中，除 ( ) 外都会使需求曲线移动。

消费者收入变化

商品价格变化

消费者偏好变化

其他相关商品价格变化

检查

4. The effect of a decline in the price of a commodity on its complementary products is ( )

The demand curve for complementary products shifts to the left

The demand curve for complementary products is shifting to the right

The supply of complementary goods tends to shift to the right

Rising prices of complementary goods

检查

某商品价格下降对其互补品的影响是 ( )

互补品的需求曲线向左移动

互补品的需求曲线向右移动

互补品的供给趋向向右移动

互补品的价格上升

检查

5. When the utility reaches its maximum ( )

Marginal utility is maximum

Marginal utility is zero

Marginal utility is positive

Marginal utility is negative

检查

效用达到最大时 ( )

边际效用为最大

边际效用为零

边际效用为正

边际效用为负

检查

6. The marginal substitution rate of goods $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{y}$ at any point on the indifference curve is equal to their ( )

Ratio of prices

Quantity ratio

Ratio of marginal utility

Marginal cost ratio

检查

无差异曲线上任一点上商品 $\mathbf{x}$ 和 $\mathbf{y}$ 的边际替代率等于它们的 ( )

价格之比

数量之比

边际效用之比

边际成本之比

检查

7. The vertical axis of the coordinate represents the quantity of good $y$, the horizontal axis represents the quantity of good $x$, and the equal cost curve is rotated counterclockwise around its intersection with the vertical axis indicating ( )

The price of factory $y$ has gone up

The price of factor x has gone up

The price of factor x has gone down

The price of factory $y$ has gone down

检查

坐标纵轴表示商品 $y$ 的数量，横轴表示商品 $x$ 的数量，等成本曲线围着它与纵轴的交点逆时针旋转表明 ( )

生产要素 $y$ 的价格上升了

生产要素 $x$ 的价格上升了

生产要素 $x$ 的价格下降了

生产要素 $y$ 的价格下降了

检查

8. Diminishing returns to scale occur under which of the following conditions ( )

A continuous increase of various factors of production in proportion

Non-proportional continuous increase in various factors of production

Continuous input of a factor of production while keeping other factors unchanged

Increase the factors of production simultaneously in the same proportion

检查

规模报酬递减是在下述哪种情况下发生的 ( )

按比例连续增加各种生产要素

不按比例连续增加各种生产要素

连续地投入某种生产要素而保持其他要素不变

按相同比例同时增加各种生产要素

检查

9. Using 50 units of labor, a firm can produce 1800 units of output, using 60 units of labor, a firm can produce 2100 units of output, and the marginal product of an additional unit of labor is ( )

3

30

35

36

检查

使用50单位的劳动，一个厂商可以生产出1800单位的产量，使用60单位的劳动，一个厂商可以生产出2100单位的产量，额外一单位劳动的边际产量是 ( )

3

30

35

36

检查

10. Marginal product is ( )

Slope of the production function

Slope of constant cost curve

Slope of the average yield curve

Slope of production possibility curve

检查

边际产量是 ( )

生产函数的斜率

不变成本曲线的斜率

平均产量曲线的斜率

生产可能性曲线的斜率

检查

二、TRUE/FALSE（10 points）

1. Cash flow is the movement of money into or out of a business, project, or financial product over a given period. 【暂无答案】

现金流是指在一定时期内资金流入或流出一个企业、项目或金融产品的流动 【暂无答案】

2. A specific amount of money right now almost always has the same value as the same amount of money at some other time. 【暂无答案】

现在一定数量的钱几乎总是与其他时间相同数量的钱具有相同的价值 【暂无答案】

3. The minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR) is the lowest internal rate of return the organization would consider to be a good investment. 【暂无答案】

最低可接受回报率（MARR）是组织认为是一项良好投资的最低内部回报率 【暂无答案】

4. The law of demand states that, other things being equal, the price of a good moves in the opposite direction of the quantity demanded. 【暂无答案】

需求规律说明，在其他条件保持不变时，商品的价格与需求量成反方向变动 【暂无答案】

5. Ordinal utility theory should be followed by indifference curve analysis. 【暂无答案】

序数效用论对应着无差异曲线分析方法 【暂无答案】

6. The demand function is always a linear function that slopes down to the right. 【暂无答案】

需求函数都是向右下方倾斜的线性函数 【暂无答案】

7. A Parkinson principle (“work expands to fill the available volume”) is invoked to equate the cost estimate to the available resources. 【暂无答案】

引用帕金森原理（“工作扩展到可用的量”）来将成本估算与可用资源等同起来 【暂无答案】

8. Consumers maximize utility when they equalize the marginal utility of the last dollar they spend on various goods. 【暂无答案】

消费者使自己花费在各种商品购买上的最后一元钱带来的边际效用相等时，可以达到效用最大化 【暂无答案】

9. Prototyping is a way of buying information to reduce uncertainty. 【暂无答案】

原型是一种购买信息以减少不确定性的方式 【暂无答案】

10. The “good enough” principle relates marginal value to marginal cost and provides guidance to determine criteria when a deliverable is “good enough” to be delivered. 【暂无答案】

“足够好”原则将边际价值与边际成本联系起来，并为确定交付物“足够好”的标准提供指导 【暂无答案】

三（20 points）

Given someone’s utility function $U = xy$, he wants to buy two goods $x$ and $y$, when his monthly income is $120$ yuan, $P_x = 2$ yuan, $P_y = 3$ yuan, ask:

1. How should he choose the combination of $x$ and $y$ for maximum utility?
2. What are the marginal and total utility of money?
3. If the price of $x$ increases by $44\%$ and the price of $y$ stays the same, how much income must he increase to maintain his original utility level?

已知某人的效用函数 $U = xy$，他打算购买 $x$ 和 $y$ 两种商品，当其每月收入为 $120$ 元，$P_x = 2$ 元，$P_y = 3$ 元时，试问：

1. 为获得最大效用，他应该如何选择 $x$ 和 $y$ 的组合？
2. 货币的边际效用和总效用各是多少？
3. 假设 $x$ 的价格提高 $44\%$，$y$ 的价格不变，他必须增加多少收入才能保持原有的效用水平？

四（15 points）

If the marginal cost function of a product is $MC = 3Q^2 + 5Q + 80$, the total cost is $292$ when 3 units of product are produced. Try to find total cost function, average cost function and variable cost function.

假设某产品的边际成本函数为 $MC = 3Q^2 + 5Q + 80$，当生产 $3$ 单位产品时，总成本为 $292$。试求总成本函数、平均成本函数和可变成本函数。

五（30 points）

A company is developing an intelligent customer service system, in which the Natural Language Processing (NLP) module needs to complete semantic understanding. The project manager has recorded weekly outputs measured in Functional Complexity Points (FCP) under different team sizes. The data are shown in the table below:

某公司正在开发一个智能客服系统，其中的自然语言处理（NLP）模块需要完成语义理解功能的开发。项目经理记录了不同团队规模下，每周能够完成的“功能复杂度点数”（FCP）产出数据。已知数据如下表：

Developers	Weekly Total Output(FCP)	Personnel Cost (yuan/week)
3	48	18,000
4	60	24,000
5	70	30,000
6	78	36,000
7	84	42,000
8	88	48,000
9	90	54,000

注：每个开发人员成本相同，为 $6{,}000$ 元/周。

请回答：

1. Output Analysis（12 points）

   a. Calculate the marginal product (MP) when the number of developers increases from 4 to 9.

   b. Calculate the average product (AP) for each team size.

2. Analysis of Diminishing Marginal Returns（5 points）

   From which team size does the phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns begin to appear?

3. Economic Benefit Analysis（13 points）

   a. Assuming the market value per functional complexity point (FCP) is ￥800, calculate the total revenue and net profit for each team size.

   b. From the perspective of economic efficiency, what is the optimal team size?

4. 计算边际产量（12分）

   a. 请计算开发人员从4人到9人各阶段的边际产量（Marginal Product）

   b. 请计算各团队规模的平均产量（Average Product）

5. 边际报酬递减分析（5分）

   从何时开始出现边际报酬递减现象？

6. 经济效益分析（13分）

   a. 假设每个功能点（FCP）的市场价值为 800 元，请计算各团队规模的总收益和净利润

   b. 从经济效益角度，最优的团队规模是多少人？

六（5 points）

In the economic analysis of enterprise projects, what is the principle of profit maximization? Explain the reason.

在企业项目的经济分析中，利润最大化的原则是什么？解释原因。

《软件工程经济学》的期末试卷

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